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Home / Infectious Diseases / Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) / Syphilis (Bacterium Treponema pallidum): Causes, Symptoms, Stages, and Medication

Syphilis (Bacterium Treponema pallidum): Causes, Symptoms, Stages, and Medication

Sep 01, 2025 Kefas Solomon Kefas Solomon

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It continues to be a major global health concern because the disease spreads silently and progresses through stages that can damage vital organs. Early diagnosis is not always easy since the symptoms of syphilis infection in men and women often resemble other conditions. Without treatment, untreated syphilis complications may include brain damage, heart disease, and blindness.

Causes of Syphilis Infection

The main cause is unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner. A painless sore called a chancre develops where the bacterium enters the body. The presence of a syphilis sore on the penis or a syphilis sore on the cervix allows transmission during intercourse.

The infection may also spread during oral sex when syphilis sores on the lips or mouth are present. A question often raised is whether syphilis from kissing is possible, and the answer is yes when open sores are involved. The bacterium can enter through small cuts in the skin or mucous membranes.

Congenital syphilis in newborns occurs when an infected mother passes the bacteria through the placenta during pregnancy. This condition may cause stillbirth, miscarriage, or birth defects. Treatment with antibiotics during pregnancy can prevent syphilis complications in babies.

Although rare today, there have been cases of syphilis infection through blood transfusion before modern screening. Another route is syphilis from sharing needles, which still presents risk in some communities.

Those already living with HIV have a higher chance of contracting syphilis, since syphilis and HIV co-infection weakens the immune system and speeds up disease progression.

Symptoms of Syphilis Infection

The symptoms differ by stage.

Primary stage  syphilis symptoms begin with a chancre. This painless sore on the genitals or mouth appears within three weeks of exposure and heals on its own within six weeks. Even after healing, the infection remains active.

Secondary stage syphilis symptoms usually include a rash on the body. A syphilis rash on the palms and soles is a common sign, often accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, and fatigue. The rash may not itch, which makes a non-itchy syphilis rash an important clue. 

Latent stage syphilis infection follows when symptoms disappear. In this stage, there are no outward signs, but blood tests remain positive. This phase may last for years, and hidden syphilis symptoms can still lead to complications later.

Tertiary stage syphilis symptoms include life-threatening problems such as cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis, and large lesions called gummas. Syphilis affecting the brain may cause memory loss, paralysis, or dementia. Ocular syphilis symptoms include eye pain and vision loss, while cardiovascular involvement may lead to aneurysms.

Stages of Syphilis Explained

1. Primary stage of syphilis infection: Marked by chancres that heal without treatment but remain contagious.

2. Secondary stage of syphilis infection: Systemic spread leads to rash, fever, and mucous patches.

3. Latent stage of syphilis infection: No visible symptoms, but bacteria remain active.

4. Tertiary syphilis infection: Severe damage to the nervous system, heart, and organs.

The best outcomes come from identifying the early stages of syphilis before permanent organ damage begins.

Prevention of Syphilis

1. Prevention begins with safer sexual practices. Consistent condom use lowers the risk of syphilis transmission during oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Although condoms may not cover every sore, they remain one of the most effective tools.

2. A long-term monogamous relationship with a tested partner reduces the risk of syphilis infection in marriage. Regular testing is also vital, since the early signs of syphilis in women or men may be mild or unnoticed.

3. Pregnant women should undergo prenatal syphilis screening to avoid congenital transmission. Early treatment can prevent syphilis infection during pregnancy complications such as stillbirth or deformities in the child.

4. Abstaining from sexual contact is the only certain way to prevent syphilis, but practical prevention includes safe sex practices, open partner communication, and regular syphilis blood tests for those at risk.

Recommended Supplements with Natural Antibiotic Properties against Syphilis:

Forever ImmuBlend is a complete immune support formula that combines some of the most powerful natural ingredients to help your body stay strong throughout the year. Shiitake and maitake mushrooms are known to support the production of immune cells, while zinc and lactoferrin provide essential nutrients for defense against harmful invaders. Added vitamins C and D help fight oxidative stress and keep the immune system balanced, especially during seasonal changes. The formula also contains fructooligosaccharides, a prebiotic fiber that encourages the growth of healthy gut bacteria, which is directly linked to better immunity and overall wellness. Forever ImmuBlend is vegetarian-friendly, gluten-free, and designed for daily use, making it suitable for almost every lifestyle. It works as both a preventive measure and a daily wellness booster.

Forever Bee Propolis is a natural powerhouse that bees create to shield their hives from germs. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and trace minerals that the body needs to maintain a resilient immune system. Forever Bee Propolis helps protect the body from bacterial and viral infections, supports respiratory health, and promotes faster recovery from seasonal illnesses. It also has unique healing properties that soothe the skin, making it useful for minor cuts, wounds, and irritations. Its natural anti-inflammatory effects further protect the body against long-term health challenges by calming internal inflammation. Forever Bee Propolis is pure, safe, and carefully sourced to deliver consistent results, making it a reliable daily supplement for building natural defense and supporting whole-body wellness.

Forever Garlic Thyme is a thoughtful blend of two ancient remedies that support both the heart and immune system. Garlic is one of the best natural sources of allicin, a compound shown to promote healthy circulation, reduce cholesterol buildup, and strengthen the body’s ability to fight infections. Thyme adds thymol, an herbal component with antimicrobial and antifungal benefits that support the lungs and respiratory tract. Together, garlic and thyme create a protective shield against common infections, while also promoting cardiovascular health and balanced blood sugar levels. Forever Garlic Thyme is a safe and natural way to keep the body protected, making it a smart daily choice for those who want to maintain heart health and a stronger immune system without synthetic additives.

Forever Active Pro-B is a scientifically developed probiotic supplement that restores balance to the gut, where much of the immune system resides. It contains more than 8 billion CFU from six well-researched probiotic strains, carefully chosen to survive the harsh environment of the stomach and reach the intestines alive. This ensures they can effectively colonize the gut and encourage the growth of good bacteria. The inclusion of prebiotic fiber further nourishes these probiotics, helping them thrive and provide long-term digestive support. By improving nutrient absorption, Forever Active Pro-B also boosts energy levels, supports mental clarity, and enhances overall health. Gluten-free, vegetarian, and allergen-friendly, it is suitable for daily use and offers a reliable way to keep the digestive system balanced, which directly strengthens immunity and resilience against illness.

Forever Aloe Vera Gel is one of the most versatile wellness drinks available, made with 99.7% pure inner leaf aloe to deliver maximum benefits. Aloe vera is known for its ability to soothe and heal from within, supporting digestion by calming the gut lining and promoting better nutrient uptake. It also works as a natural detoxifier, flushing out impurities while replenishing the body with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Forever Aloe Vera Gel supports the immune system with its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, while also providing hydration that benefits skin elasticity, joint comfort, and energy levels. Taken daily, it can help reduce inflammation, promote cardiovascular health, and keep the body refreshed and energized. With its natural purity and wide-ranging benefits, it is a trusted supplement for maintaining long-term vitality and overall wellness.

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2025-09-01  Kefas Solomon

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